{"schema_version":"ICEQC_NEWS_ARTICLE_V1","id":"iceqc-news-e7c37fa2d5917b20","slug":"2016-07-26-using-root-cause-analysis-to-improve-global-citizenship-education","language":"en","publication_status":"READY_FOR_IMPORT","publication_date":"2016-07-26","last_modified_date":"2016-07-26","title":"Using root-cause analysis to improve global citizenship education","summary":"Sets out a controlled approach to using root-cause analysis to improve global citizenship education, linking diagnosis, accountable action, outcome measures and verification.","category":{"code":"QUALITY_IMPROVEMENT_METHODS","label":"Quality Improvement Methods"},"article_type":"Quality improvement method","publisher":"International Council for Education Quality Certification (ICEQC)","jurisdictional_scope":"International","historical_reference_basis":"SDG target 4.7 implementation","reference_authority":"Relevant public authorities and official international sources","sections":[{"heading":null,"paragraphs":["Current consideration of root-cause analysis to improve global citizenship education is informed by the SDG target 4.7 implementation, with consequences for governance, evidence and the treatment of affected learners. The analysis of the corrective programme proceeds on the basis that the method set out here treats improvement as a controlled cycle of diagnosis, action, measurement and review.","A proper review of the improvement objective should establish the intended outcome before selecting controls or indicators. A decision concerning the intervention should recognise that the intervention should be tested on a scale proportionate to the risk before wider implementation, unless immediate system-wide action is necessary to protect learners. In relation to using root-cause analysis to improve global citizenship education, the basis for selection, authority for exceptions and timing of reassessment should remain traceable."]},{"heading":"Defining the problem","paragraphs":["The stated reference is the SDG target 4.7 implementation. Application to root-cause analysis to improve global citizenship education depends on evidence from the relevant jurisdiction or institution.","For the intervention, the public interest is not confined to institutional compliance. The analysis of the intervention proceeds on the basis that quality assurance should connect stated educational purposes with implemented controls, reliable evidence and action where outcomes fall below expectation. Where learners rely on published information or support decisions, errors should be identifiable and capable of prompt, fair correction."],"bullets":["Act on adverse findings.","Identify the affected scope.","Define the intended outcome.","Test material variation.","Review whether improvement is sustained."]},{"heading":"Improvement method","paragraphs":["The technical issue within root-cause analysis to improve global citizenship education concerns the basis on which a conclusion is reached. The analysis of the improvement objective proceeds on the basis that cause analysis should explain why the condition occurred and why existing controls did not prevent or detect it. Restating the event, assigning blame or identifying the last person involved does not establish a root cause. A conclusion should identify both its evidential basis and the part of the stated scope for which assurance cannot be given.","The evidential record for the practice should permit a reviewer to trace the matter from decision to outcome. This may require implementation and monitoring records, independent checks of material claims, learner and staff evidence, and verified corrective action, supported by exception and complaint records and approved objectives and responsibilities. Sampling remains insufficient where it excludes a material group or cannot resolve contradictory evidence or recurrence.","Public reporting on the issue under review should distinguish established fact, analytical judgement and planned action. Changes to definitions or evidence should be recorded separately from changes in educational performance.","A decision to close improvement work on the intervention should be made by a person with authority and sufficient independence from implementation."]},{"heading":"Measures and review","paragraphs":["For operational review of root-cause analysis to improve global citizenship education, authorities and providers should proceed in a defined sequence. A competent review of the improvement objective should reconstruct the sequence, test contributing conditions, compare affected and unaffected cases, and identify the control failure that can be changed. Confirm the explanation against evidence before selecting corrective action.","A narrow control over the corrective programme may create false assurance. In the present context, corrective action closed on activity rather than effect, responsibility distributed without clear ownership and policy detached from practice may produce acceptable aggregate reporting while individual learners remain exposed to material disadvantage. Adverse cases should form part of the sample wherever they may reveal a material control weakness.","A traceable record enables responsibility to be established and errors to be corrected fairly. For the corrective programme, the responsible body should be able to identify the evidence considered, the judgement made, the person or body authorised to make it and the action that followed. A material amendment should record its reason and effective date, preserving the information basis of earlier decisions.","Interpretation of the intervention should avoid two errors: treating a formal commitment as proof of effect, and treating one adverse case as proof that every part of the system has failed. For the corrective programme, quality cannot be inferred from reputation, intention or documentation alone. Assurance requires evidence of actual operation together with its material effects. Oversight of the intervention should reflect the principle that methods should be proportionate to the significance and recurrence of the problem; low-risk local issues and systemic learner-protection failures require different levels of control.","Assessment of the corrective programme should reconcile more than one source of evidence and control. In relation to using root-cause analysis to improve global citizenship education, the final judgement should connect the applicable expectation to implementation and outcomes while identifying unresolved risk."]}],"word_count":756,"content_hash":"sha256-0fcd6b55790241a992f7884c111fe7bb4e0dc2c86b461351f232cd010da8d4a4","seo_keywords":["using root-cause analysis to improve global citizenship education","education quality improvement","education quality","ICEQC"],"schema_type":"TechArticle"}