Review of evidence gaps affecting lifelong-learning competences addresses the unit of analysis, source definitions, missing data and transfer beyond the reported setting.
Review of cross-system comparability in multilingual literacy assessment addresses the unit of analysis, source definitions, missing data and transfer beyond the reported setting.
The analysis of learning outcome reporting identifies what the evidence establishes, where comparison is limited and which qualifications must be reported.
The reliability of evidence on recognition of prior learning is examined together with the limits that apply when findings inform consequential decisions.
The article examines equity analysis of multilingual literacy assessment, separating supported observations from causal claims and identifying where further evidence is required.
The use of proxy measures in analysing international student mobility — evidence quality, analytical limits and the conditions for responsible use of findings.
This review considers international student mobility, with attention to data provenance, population coverage, stable definitions and appropriate limits on inference.
Evidence concerning establishing a baseline for multilingual literacy assessment is reviewed for source definitions, coverage, comparability, uncertainty and limits on inference.
Review of cross-system comparability in learner complaints and appeals addresses the unit of analysis, source definitions, missing data and transfer beyond the reported setting.