Thematic Research Report
School Participation and Household Costs: Indicators of Financial Exclusion
A global comparative indicator study of direct costs, indirect burdens, attendance and unequal exposure to economic pressure
Schooling that is formally available may remain financially inaccessible when households must pay fees, transport, clothing, materials, meals, examinations, technology or accommodation, or when attendance removes time needed for income, preparation or care. These burdens operate together and vary across the school year. Tuition alone is therefore an inadequate measure of financial exclusion.
- Research category
- Data and Indicator Research
- Report archetype
- Comparative Indicator Study
- Geographic scope
- Global