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Thematic Research Report series

Thematic Research Reports

241 complete publications covering the years 2005 to 2026.

Showing 12 of 64 results

241 publications in this series

ICEQC-R-2022-09

Thematic Research Report

Attendance, Re-enrolment and Completion as Recovery Indicators

A comparative indicator study of attendance, return, progression, completion and responsible recovery inference

The digital divide in emergency education is not captured by a single measure of internet access. Educational use depends on a suitable device, affordable and reliable connectivity, electricity, accessible content, learner capability, household conditions, teacher interaction and institutional support. An indicator should identify which link it observes and should not infer the rest.

Research category
Data and Indicator Research
Report archetype
Comparative Indicator Study
Geographic scope
Global
ICEQC-R-2022-08

Thematic Research Report

Learning Poverty after the Pandemic: Scope, Estimation and Policy Use

A global comparative indicator study of participation, reading evidence, modelling, inequality and responsible action

Learning poverty combines schooling deprivation with failure to reach a minimum reading standard by a reference age. It is a population-level policy signal, not an individual diagnosis or a complete definition of education quality. The schooling and learning components, population, threshold, year and formula should remain visible.

Research category
Data and Indicator Research
Report archetype
Comparative Indicator Study
Geographic scope
Global
ICEQC-R-2022-03

Thematic Research Report

Education Financing after COVID-19: Real Spending, Budget Share and Household Burden

A policy synthesis of access, continuity, reopening, institutional duties and correction

Public responsibility for executive summary begins with closure, remote provision, partial reopening and renewed interruption can coexist across places and levels. The evidence must therefore clarify how authorities should preserve entitlement, learner contact, teaching, support, records, progression and remedy while applying proportionate health-related rules issued by competent bodies. Education continuity during COVID-19 is a continuing public duty under altered and uncertain conditions.

Research category
Data and Indicator Research
Report archetype
Comparative Indicator Study
Geographic scope
Global
ICEQC-R-2021-10

Thematic Research Report

Education Budget Adjustments during the Pandemic: Adequacy and Distribution

A global comparative indicator study of fiscal change, equitable allocation, execution and learner benefit

Education budget adjustment should be measured against a clear authorized baseline and distinguished from supplementary finance, internal reallocation, commitment, expenditure and service delivery. Nominal increases may not preserve purchasing power, while aggregate totals can hide enrolment, price or service-cost change. Every comparison needs a dated fiscal stage and scope.

Research category
Data and Indicator Research
Report archetype
Comparative Indicator Study
Geographic scope
Global
ICEQC-R-2021-06

Thematic Research Report

Learning Loss Estimates: Assumptions, Uncertainty and Appropriate Use

A comparative indicator study of baselines, counterfactuals, populations, models and valid decisions

feasibility and difference, directly, observed in Learning Loss Estimates: Assumptions, Uncertainty and Appropriate Use require Learning Loss Estimates: Assumptions, Uncertainty and Appropriate Use to connect evidence with delivery, unequal effect and correction. Neither term is self-explanatory. The estimate depends on construct, assessment, baseline, represented population, timing, trend assumption, exposure and model. Public reporting should publish those assumptions and should not present a model-dependent difference as directly observed loss.

Research category
Data and Indicator Research
Report archetype
Comparative Indicator Study
Geographic scope
Global
ICEQC-R-2020-12

Thematic Research Report

Measuring School Closure, Participation and Remote Learning Reach

A comparative indicator study of household access, institutional provision, participation and educational use

The digital divide in emergency education is not captured by a single measure of internet access. In relation to measurement of closure, participation and remote-learning reach, this proposition bears directly on the issue under review within Executive summary: whether the reported population and form of participation are explicitly defined; the authority should identify the affected population, accountable body and review point. Educational use depends on a suitable device, affordable and reliable connectivity, electricity, accessible content, learner capability, household conditions, teacher interaction and institutional support. An indicator should identify which link it observes and should not infer the rest.

Research category
Data and Indicator Research
Report archetype
Comparative Indicator Study
Geographic scope
Global
ICEQC-R-2020-10

Thematic Research Report

The Digital Divide in Emergency Education: Connectivity, Devices and Effective Use

A comparative indicator study of household access, institutional provision, participation and educational use

The digital divide in emergency education is not captured by a single measure of internet access. In relation to the digital divide in emergency education, this proposition bears directly on the issue under review within Executive summary: whether connectivity and devices result in effective educational use; the authority should identify the affected population, accountable body and review point. Educational use depends on a suitable device, affordable and reliable connectivity, electricity, accessible content, learner capability, household conditions, teacher interaction and institutional support. An indicator should identify which link it observes and should not infer the rest.

Research category
Data and Indicator Research
Report archetype
Comparative Indicator Study
Geographic scope
Global
ICEQC-R-2020-08

Thematic Research Report

Unequal Effects of Disruption by Disability, Gender, Location and Income

A global comparative indicator study of exposure, access, service receipt, outcomes and public correction

Education disruption is not one exposure. Closure duration, remote provision, actual contact, service interruption, household burden and return conditions can differ among learners. Comparative reporting should separate the policy offer, usable access, service received and later condition. National closure dates or announced resources do not establish equal educational experience.

Research category
Data and Indicator Research
Report archetype
Comparative Indicator Study
Geographic scope
Global
ICEQC-R-2019-07

Thematic Research Report

National SDG 4 Benchmarks as a Contextual Basis for Comparative Monitoring

A global comparative indicator study of benchmark construction, ambition, equity and public accountability

National Sustainable Development Goal 4 benchmarks can add essential context to comparative monitoring. They show an intended pace from a stated baseline under national conditions. They do not replace universal education commitments, observed results or the substantive learner entitlement. A benchmark, normative target and forecast are different statements and should remain distinguishable.

Research category
Data and Indicator Research
Report archetype
Comparative Indicator Study
Geographic scope
Global
ICEQC-R-2019-06

Thematic Research Report

International Student Mobility: Stocks, Flows and Unequal Opportunity

A comparative indicator study of populations, destinations, participation and distribution

International student mobility should be reported through measures that distinguish stock, inflow, outflow, participation and transition. A stock counts internationally mobile students present at a time; a flow counts entries or exits during a period. Neither is a mobility rate until a defined population supplies the denominator. Country of citizenship, prior residence and prior education can identify different groups, and changes in definition can alter the apparent trend.

Research category
Data and Indicator Research
Report archetype
Comparative Indicator Study
Geographic scope
Global
ICEQC-R-2019-01

Thematic Research Report

Education Participation among Migrants and Displaced Persons: Comparability and Missing Data

A global comparative indicator study of definitions, coverage, continuity, recognition and evidence gaps

Education participation among migrants and displaced persons cannot be represented by a single category or source. Refugee status, displacement, citizenship, birthplace, arrival and migration history arise from different legal and statistical purposes. Every comparison should state the operative definition, reference date and education question, and should not treat a proxy as a complete account of movement or need.

Research category
Data and Indicator Research
Report archetype
Comparative Indicator Study
Geographic scope
Global
ICEQC-R-2018-08

Thematic Research Report

Learning Inequality by Household Wealth, Location and Language

A global comparative indicator study of levels, gaps, intersections, coverage and educational opportunity

Registration, attendance, grade progression, completion, assessed proficiency and durable educational capability should not be used as substitutes for one another. Expanded schooling is a major public achievement, yet enrolment alone does not establish that children attend regularly, receive adequate teaching, acquire secure foundations or progress into further education. Participation and learning are connected entitlements that require distinct evidence. The institutional consequence is a documented decision with a responsible body and review point. For learning inequality by wealth, place and language, the issue under review within Executive summary must establish whether population composition and opportunity to learn explain the reported distribution.

Research category
Data and Indicator Research
Report archetype
Comparative Indicator Study
Geographic scope
Global